Notes for RACINE

!NAME: "One of Racines -- Halfbreed" [notation: "note: ^,^,^,} Nah gah naush,
husband of Family [5:1], was a brother of ,<;}\,\"\ Ah bish ka gog's wife"]

!GENEALOGY: Minnesota Historical Society, R.J. Powell Papers,
Microf. M-455, Roll 10, Powell Genealogies, family #49:1

!GENEALOGY_COMPILED_BY_VIRGINIA_ROGERS: [V.R., Broken Tooth Genealogy,
#10s]

Notes for (Child) RACINE

!GENEALOGY_COMPILED_BY_VIRGINIA_ROGERS: Broken Tooth Genealogy, #18,
child died as a baby

Notes for (Name_Unknown) Annuity RACINE

!NAME: (Name Unknown) Annuity

Red Lake Annuity Roll, Mons o mo's Band -1867:311, 1867:311

Notes for (Name_Unknown) Annuity RACINE

!NAME: (Name Unknown) Annuity

Red Lake Annuity Roll, Mons o mo's Band -1867:311, 1867:311

Notes for Kahdewahbeday "Broken_Tooth" Kautahwaubets RACINE

!NAME: \,>,',<:>: Kah-dah-wah-be-day, Chief (ABT 1760 - BEF 1837) [38:head]

!NAME: Broken Tooth, Chief (ABT 1760 - BEF 1837) [V.R. #8]

!NAME: \,>,',<:>: Kah dah wah be day [Powell 10/0275]

!GENEALOGY: Minnesota Historical Society, R.J. Powell Papers, Microf. M-455,
Roll 10, Powell Genealogies, family #58:head
[Powell 10/0275]: "The old chief of the Sandy Lake band was made chief by the
English. ... He was called Broken Tooth by the English.  He came from Canada."

!GENEALOGY_COMPILED_BY_VIRGINIA_ROGERS: [V.R., Broken Tooth Genealogy, #8]:
"(Schoolcraft said that he died in 1822 but Kah-dah-wah-be-day signed a treaty
in 1825, see below), son of <;,-', Bi-aus-wa (ABT 1720 - BEF 1825).  There are
many variations in the spelling of his name.  In 1825 \,>,',<:>, Kau-tau-wau
-beta, or Broken Tooth signed the treaty at Prairie du Chien in the then
Territory of Michigan.  His son \,';(>" Caw-win-dow (\,^,(>,',':(-" Kah-nun-dah
-wah-wen-zo) also signed.  In 1837 at St. Peters in the Territory of Wisconsin
(now Minnesota) only Ka-nan-da-wa-win-zo, or Le Brocheau, signed.  As Chief of
the Sandy Lake band Kah-dah-wah-be-day was the oldest Chief on the upper
Mississippi in 1828.  He was called Breche or Brechedent by the French.
   "From the Wisconsin Historical Collection, Vol.7, p.196-7: 'The Sandy Lake
tribe of Indians is the second in size.  It has eighty-five men, two hundred and
forthy-three women and children, besides thirty-five half breeds.  They are
divided into three parties, one resides about half way from Sandy Lake to Leech
Lake, at a place called Pac-au-gum-aw, on a small lake through which the
Mississippi runs, and near the boundary between these and the Leech Lake
Indians.  These Indians hunt north to Vermillion Lake, and the head waters of
the Fond du Lac River, and on which the Northwest Company has an establishment;
west to Pauc-qua-gun-aw, above mentioned; east to the Fond du Lac River and down
it to the Portage de la Prairie, south to the borders of the Sioux country, or
near Elk river which falls into the Mississippi.'  In 1805 Pike, Zebulon found
the Chippewa at the Sandy, Little Rock, Leech and Red lakes and on the Platte,
Little Elk, Swan and Crow Wing rivers.  He estimated the population at 3,000.
   "From the Michigan Pioneer and Historical Collections, Vol. 37, P. 526: 'A
great many Savages came, among whom were Katawabitais and /,(\"-;[ Mangozeit.'
A footnote at the bottom of the page reads '\,>,',<,>, Katawabata, or Parted
Teeth.  Thirty-seven years afterwards, namely in 1822, this man visited me at
Sault St. Marie, being then a man verging towards seventy.  He told me that he
was a boy at the time of the taking of old Mackinac, 1763.  The French, he said,
wished him to take up the war club, but he refused.  The English afterwards
thanked him for this, and requested him to raise the tomahawk in their favor,
but he declined.  The Americans afterwards thanked him for this, nor did they
ask him to go to war.  They continually advised to peace, and he adds, I am a
friend of peace.  Though not in the lineal line of Chiefs of Sandy Lake, he was
regarded as a civil chief and counsellor: and was respected both by the Indians
and the traders.  He died at Sandy Lake in 1822.'  Schoolcraft, III, p. 361,
note.

Notes for Keeshkemon RACINE

!NAME: \:}\:/"( Keesh ke mon [49:head] [Powell 10/0257]

!GENEALOGY: Minnesota Historical Society, R.J. Powell Papers, Microf. M-455,
Roll 10, Powell Genealogies, family #49:head
[listing him as the father of Ah-bish-ka-gog [49:1], whom see]

!GENEALOGY_COMPILED_BY_VIRGINIA_ROGERS: Broken Tooth Genealogy, #10s,
Head Chief of the Lake Superior
Bands

Notes for Mary Sahgoshkodaywayq Williams RACINE

!NAME: -,\"}\:>:':\': Sah gosh ko day way qua [19:260] [Powell 10/0163]

!NAME: Racine, Mary (1860) (WE-3770) [VR #277]

!NAME: Williams, Mary (ABT 1860 - FEB 3, 1934) [VR #277]

!GENEALOGY: Minnesota Historical Society, R.J. Powell Papers, Microf. M-455,
Roll 10, Powell Genealogies, families #19:130, #19:260, #58:19, #58:35, #78:66
(O-3770, a-2361)
[note: this spouse is listed as "[58:78] (?)", a non-existent person]

!GENEALOGY_COMPILED_BY_VIRGINIA_ROGERS: Broken Tooth Genealogy, #277, #279
she and her children were on the White Oak Point rolls at Leech Lake until 1899
when they moved to the White Earth Reservation
   two other sons were born after 1900 with George
Snetsinger

Notes for Minduwahwing Kahnundahwahwenz "Berry_Hunter" RACINE

!NAME: \,';(>" Caw-win-dow [1825-Sandy Lake]

!NAME: Kah-nun-dah-wah-wen-zo, Chief (ABT 1800) [V.R. #18]

!NAME: \,^,(>,',';(-" Ka-nan-da-wa-win-zo [1837-Sandy Lake (St. Peters, WI)]

!NAME: \,^"(>",|,;(-" Ka-non-do-ur-uin-zo, 1st Chief [1842-Sandy Lake]

!NAME: \,^;(>,/,';(-" Gah-nin-dum-a-wim-so, 1st Chief [1847-Sandy Lake]

!NAME: /;(>,',';( Min-du-wah-wing [1863 Red Lake "Treaty"]

!NAME: ^,>,',/;-) Nah duh wah miz onze [1864]

!NAME: ^,>,',';) Nah dah wah winz [1865]

!NAME: ^,>,(\',';(- Nah dunk wuh winz [1865 "Head man"]

!NAME: ^,(>,',';(- Nun duh wuh winze [1867a]

!NAME: ^,>;(',';(- Nah dinh wuh winz [1867a "Head man"]

!NAME: ^,(>,"';- Nun dah o wis [1867b]

!NAME: ^;(>,',';- (1818) Nin dah wah wiz [1878:255]

!NAME: ^,(>,':) (1815) Nahn dah wance [1885]

!NAME: /,(>,":":) (1821) Mun dow ew wence [1886]

!NAME: ^,(>"/:';) (1820) Num dow me wince [1887]

!NAME: ^,(>,',':) (1820-1) Num dah wah wance [1889]

!NAME: ,(>,',';- (ABT 1821) Nun dah waw wis [1889 "Agreement"]

!NAME: "He That Gathers Berries" [1825-Sandy Lake]

!NAME: "Berry Hunter" Min-du-wah-wing [1863 "Treaty"] [translation by
contemporaneous U.S. Interpreter, probably Paul H. Beaulieu]

!NAME: "Berry Hunter" (ABT 1821) [1889 "Agreement" [translation by
contemporaneous U.S. Interpreter, probably P.H. Beaulieu]]

!NAME: Se-gin-ing-go-noonce (ABT 1800) [V.R. #18]

!NAME: Le Brocheux (ABT 1800) [V.R. #18]

!NAME: "Berry Hunter" (ABT 1800) [V.R. #18] [translation after Virginia Rogers]

!NAME: \,^,(>,',':(-" Kah-nun-dah-wah-wen-zo (ABT 1800) [58:6] [V.R. #18+]
[Powell 10/0277]

!GENEALOGY: Minnesota Historical Society, R.J. Powell Papers, Microf. M-455,
Roll 10, Powell Genealogies, family #38:head, #58:6

!ANNUITY: MHS film M-390 (Rolls 3 & 5), U.S. Chippewa Annuity Rolls:
Red Lake Annuity Roll, Mons o mo's Band - 1864:99
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 man,                           $  9 paid
1865:118. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 man,                           $  7.50pd
1867a:311 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 men, 1 woman                   $ 25.50pd
1867b:178 - . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 man,                           $  8 paid
1878:255, male, age 60, payment witnessed by C.P. Allen and Paul H. Beaulieu,
received OCT 5, 1878, his "x" mark, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$ 17 paid
OCT 2, 1863, "Old Crossing Treaty," "his x mark, Min-du-wah-wing, Warrior of Red
Lake" #14
1865: Chiefs and Head men "payment ... for services rendered our said bands"
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$ 30 paid
1867a: Chiefs and Head Men payment "being Surplus of our annuity money and for
services rendered our said bands...". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$ 30 paid

!NARA_RG_75, Series M-595, Films #243-245, 418-424 and 649-654, Red Lake BIA
Enrollment, 1885:196 "Old Chief's Band"  1886:157; 1887:165; 1888:, 1889:141

!MN (1889), National Archives, RG 75, Items 104-105 and 51st Congress, 1st
Session, Executive Document No. 247 (referring to the "Nelson Act" of 14 JAN,
1889): Minnesota Chippewa Commission "Signature Rolls," 1889:27, "X," age 68

!List of "Chippewa Treaty Signers," compiled by V. Rogers, abt. 1988

!GENEALOGY_COMPILED_BY_VIRGINIA_ROGERS: Broken Tooth Genealogy, #8, #18:
"...died between 1880 and 1889.  He signed the treaty of 1825 as being from
Sandy Lake.  In the treaties of 1842 and 1847 he is listed as being 1st Chief
from Sandy Lake.  In the treaty of 1854 he is listed as 1st Chief of the
Mississippi bands.
   "'The Indians of Leech Lake are in bands: and each band has its own chief.
No general leader of the whole is acknowledged; but the Brachu who resides at
Sandy Lake has, when he is present, some considereable influence over them.
These are severaly influenced by the Brachu, who, it seems, raised himself to
this superior station merely by his eloquence.  His ancestors have always been
of good standing, and for a time furnished chiefs for the Tribe at Sandy Lake.
It appears that he is the First Emperor of these tribes, they having been
entirely distinct and independent previous to his time.' Wisconsin Historical
Collection, Vol, 7, page 196-7."
   "Kah-mun-dum-aw-wince (sic) as a Chippewa Chief of the Sandy Lake band
received his annity payment at La Pointe in 1843 with one male, one female and
five chldren in the
family."

Notes for Nahgaunaush RACINE

!NAME: ^,\,^,} Nah gaun aush [Powell, V.R.]

!NAME: "Foremost Sailing" [V.R.]

!GENEALOGY: Minnesota Historical Society, R.J. Powell Papers,
Microf. M-455, Roll 10, Powell Genealogies, family #5:1
["see Fam. 49, note"] [notation: "note: "One of Racines--Halfbreed." Nah-gah-
nash, husband of Family [5:1], was a brother of Ah-bish-ka-gog's wife"]
[did he also marry WE-73?]

!GENEALOGY_COMPILED_BY_VIRGINIA_ROGERS: Broken Tooth Genealogy, #10s
 He was apparently a Chippewa from the Lac du Flambeau band in Wisconsin.  He
was also a member of the Racine family of Wisconsin and a French mixed blood.
Nah-gaun-aush claimed the Crane Totem [see note below].  He succeeded his
father as Head Chief of the Lake Superior bands.

!NOTE: Anishinabe Ojibway Dodems are patrilineal, that is, passed from father
to son.  Nah-gaun-aush was patrilineally
French.

Notes for William RACINE

!NAME: William [58:19] [Powell 10/0278]

!NAME: Willam, Chief aka Racine, William [VR #67]

!GENEALOGY: Minnesota Historical Society, R.J. Powell Papers, Microf. M-455,
10, Powell Genealogies, family #19:130, #58:6, #58:19
(O-3765) [notation: "MIXED BLOOD, Rahily 8/14/18"]

!GENEALOGY_COMPILED_BY_VIRGINIA_ROGERS: Broken Tooth Genealogy, #18, #67
Chief of a White Oak Point Band succeeding Chief Quod-aince about 1892.  He
lived around Leech Lake, MN until 1899 when he moved to
the White Earth Reservation.  Since he died at Libby, Minnesota, it is probable
that he never lived at White Earth even though he was allotted
there.

Notes for John RADCLIFFE

!this is apparently the same person as (AFN:8J57-VB)

!TITL [BARON FITZWALTER]

Notes for Elizabeth RAGG

!this is apparently the same person as (AFN:HL5D-PJ)